Kum a pronunzer vokali y konsonanti in Eulingu?

[a] - Preferably [a] as in English "star", not [e] as in "crazy" or "land": "Esta una stara" [es'ta u'na sta'ra]
[ae] - As [e] in English "aeroplane": "aeru bonus" [e'ru bo'nus]
[ai] - As [a'i] in German "Kaiser": "Esto trainer tenisu" [es'to tra'i'ne te'ni'su]
[au] - As [a'u] in German "Auto": "Un automotivu magnus" [un a'u'to'mo'ti'vu ma'gnus]
[b] - Always [b] as in "baby": "Estu un babu belus" [es'tu un ba'bu be'lus]
[c] - No sound, as there is no "c" in Eulingu, only "K", "ch", "cz", "s" or "z"
[ch] - Always [tsh] as in Spanish "chica": "Esta una chika belas" [es'ta u'na tshi'ka be'las]
[cz] - Always [tsh] as in "czech": "Republiku Czekus" [re'pu'bli'ku tshe'kus]
[d] - As [d] in "dental": "Tri denti" [tri den'ti]
[e] - As [e] in English "credit": "Estum apler por un kreditu" [es'tum a'ple por un kre'di'tu]
[eu] - Either as [o'i] or as [yu]: "Europu y Eulingu" [o'i'ro'pu i: o'i'lin'gu/yu'lin'gu]
[f] - As [f] in English "fish": "Sara guster fisku" [sa'ra gus'te fis'ku]
[g] - Mostly [g] as in English "give", in rare occasions as [dsh] as in French "mange": "Esto manger un garnelu" [es'to man'dshe un gar'ne'lu]
[h] - As [h] in German "Hotel": "Estun preferer un hotelu" [es'tun pre'fe're un ho'te'lu]
[i] - Preferably as [i] in English "list" or in German "Frist", not recommended [ai] as in English "tide": "Esti leser uni listi" [es'ti le'se u'ni lis'ti]
[j] - Always pronounced as [dsh] as in English "jet": "Estum fliger in un jetu" [es'tum fli'ge in un dshe'tu]
[k] - As [k] in German "Konto": "Estum aver un kontu d'banku" [es'tum a've un kon'tu d'ban'ku]
[kh] - As [kh] in Russian "xop" (khor), but mostly replaced by "k" [k]: "Estu orkhestru y khoru d'Rusu" [es'tu or'k(h)es'tru i: k(h)o'ru d'ru'su]
[kv] - As [kv] in Scandinavian "kvalitet": "Estu un kvalitu bonus" [es'tu un kva'li'tu bo'nus]
[l] - As [l] in English "letter": "Esta skriber un letru a sa amika" [es'ta skri'be un le'tru a sa a'mi'ka]
[m] - As [m] in "moment": "un momentu, por favoru" [un mo'men'tu por fa'vo'ru]
[n] - As [n] in German "nun": "Pablo parler tri lingi" [pa'blo par'le tri lin'gi]
[o] - As [o] in Italian "Roma": "Un visitu in Romu/Roma" [un vi'si'tu in ro'mu/ro'ma]
[p] - As [p] in English "prepare": "Mikelo preparer un artiklu d'gazetu" [mi'ke'lo pre'pa're un ar'ti'klu d'ga'tse'tu]
[q] - All "q" have been replaced by "k" in Eulingu, see [k] for sound
[qv] - All "q" have been replaced by "k" in Eulingu, see [k] for sound
[r] - Preferably [r] as in French "recette", not as in English "roger": "Kel est rezeptu d'kaku d'karoti?" [kel est re'tsep'tu d'ka'ku d'ka'ro'ti]
[s] - Preferably as in English "sand" and not as in German "Sandale": "Kvor est stratu?" [kvor est stra'tu]
[t] - As [t] in English "test": "Estum tester kaku d'aprikoti" [es'tum tes'te ka'ku d'a'pri'ko'ti]
[u] - Preferably as [u] in German "Kruste", not as in English "trust" or "universe": "Esta truster-mu" [es'ta trus'te mu]
[v] - As [v] in Italian "vino", not [f] as in German "Vogel": "Marko guster vinu italus" [mar'ko gus'te vi'nu i'ta'lus]
[w] - The letter "w" is not used in Eulingu and mostly replaced by "v", see [v] for sound
[x] - The letter "x" is not used in Eulingu and mostly replaced by "k" or "kh", see [k] and [kh] for sound
[y] - Either as [y] when consonant or as [i] when vowel: "Yana esta una fysika magnas" [ya'na es'ta u'na fi'si'ka ma'gnus]
[z] - The "joker" among the many consonants, preferably [ts] as in German "Zirkus", but also as [sh] or [s] depending on location: "Estun in zentru d'urbu" [es'tun in tsen'tru d'ur'bu]

© 2011 Amiki d'Eulingu

U basu d'Gramatiku d'Eulingu - The Basics of Eulingu's Grammar

Europu. Eulingu is easy, at least that is what we are aiming for. It is a language project and derives from the various languages and cultures of Europe. Eulingu is still in development and everyone can contribute. In this blog we will show you how simple it is to create first words - even sentences - in Eulingu and how the grammar is working. If it does not make sense immediately, don't worry, it took us some time to get to this stage.

So, let's get started. Well, Eulingu is a new language to unite the people of Europe in one tongue, in Eulingu we would say "estu Eulingu un lingu novus a uner i populi d'Europu in un tongu". But why do we construct it in this way? Let's have a closer look:

EU Estu Eulingu un lingu novus a uner i populi d'Europu in un tongu
EN Eulingu is a new language to unite the people of Europe in one tongue

What we actually wrote was:

Is-it Eulingu a language new to unite the people(s) of'Europe in one tongue

"Estu" therefore means "it is" or "this is", so whenever we feel to explain something quickly we can use the "estu" combination, e.g. "it is good" - "estu bonus" or "it is bad" - "estu malus".

But why do we say "bonus" and "malus" and not "bon" or "mal" which seem easier to pronounce and look much more attractive? Yes, we totally agree! But in order to use "bon" and "mal" in the future we need to be familiar with "bonus" and "malus" (as adjectives) first. Let's include "novus" from our example in our explanation and the noun "lingu".

"Un lingu novus" - A new language

We like to decribe Eulingu as the "U-lingu" [yu:'lin'gu:] as we use the "-u" ending quite often for simplicity reasons (but also as an indicator that it is "your language"). The suffix "-u" allows us to render a term "genderless", "un lingu" therefore is neither masculine nor feminine, but simply neutral. So, every noun which is not masculine (with the ending -o) or feminine (with the ending -a) falls into this category. Uni eksempli (some examples):

Un vehiklu - a vehicle/car
Un tongu - a tongue
Un palastu - a palace
Un animalu - an animal
Un batu - a boat
Un amiku d'Eulingu - a (genderless) friend of Eulingu
Un skriburu - a (genderless) writer
Estu un tablu - this is a table
Estu Europu - this is Europu

Well, if we know the gender of a term or a person ("-ur"/"-ist", can also be used for things), we can include it in our construct by adding "-a" or "-o":

Una aktura - an actress
Uno skriburo - a (male) writer
Esta una artista belas - she is a beautiful (female) artist
Esto Pablo uno linguisto - Pablo (he) is a (male) linguist
Esta una danzura grandas - she is a great (female) dancer
Esto uno musikuro famos - he is a famous (male) musician

So, let's go back to our first example with "lingu" which we now know is a neutral term, why did we add "novus" after "lingu" and not before? Well, "it looks sexy!" is the simple answer. And why not "novu", "nova", "novo" and "nove" with or without the "-s"? Well, in this case the preceding term "lingu" dictates the ending which is genderless, so we need to stick with the "-u". The "-s" in "-us" simply indicates that it is an adjective and not a noun. It is all about consistency and simplicity. Have a look at the example above:

Esta una danzura grandas - she is a great (female) dancer

In this case the adjective changes to "grandas" as we are dealing with a female dancer (-a), if the dancer was genderless (-u) or "its" gender unknown to us we would say "un danzuru grandus", if it was male we simply whisper in admiration: "Esto uno danzuro grandos".

Half way through our example or "eksemplu" (as we say in Eulingu):

EU Estu Eulingu un lingu novus a uner i populi d'Europu in un tongu
EN Eulingu is a new language to unite the people of Europe in one tongue

Verbs are easy, simply add an "-er" to a term and create your first sentence:

"Estum parler Eulingu" - I speak Eulingu

If you don't speak Eulingu (yet), pick another language ("estum parler Anglus" - I speak English) or simply say "n'estum parler Eulingu" which is short for "non estum parler Eulingu" or "estum non parler Eulingu" (we are flexible here).

Well, the aim of Eulingu is to unite Europeans or the people of Europe ("i populi d'Europu") in "one tongue". Why do we say "i populi" and not "u populu"? Well, in this case we use the plural as we are referring to more than one person. While the English language does not make a particular distinction between singular and plural (similar to "information", "fish" or "sheep") when it comes to "people" (unless we talk about countries/tribes), Eulingu aligns with other European languages (such as German) in order to be precise and unambiguous.

U populu/i populi - the people (better person)/the people (better persons)
U lingu/i lingi - the language/the languages
Un kantu/i kanti - a song/the songs
Un eksemplu/i eksempli/uni eksempli - an example/the examples/some examples

Can I drop the "u" and the "i" which precede the noun? Yes, you can. What we present here is "Surlingu", the standard version of Eulingu. We need a fixed and working language first to be able to make room for a simpler (maybe less consistent) version ("Slangu") at a later stage. But if you already feel advanced enough, drop it:

Estu Eulingu un lingu novus a uner populi d'Europu in un tongu

Finally, let's have a look at "d'Europu" which indicates - we presume - some kind of genetive, "of Europe". The apostrophe is there for two reasons, 1) to show that "d" is genderless as there is no "-a" or "-o" ending (even "-u", as "du" might trigger some kind of French "ressentiment"), and 2) so it can be glued to the noun (in this case "Europu"). Uni eksempli:

I amiki d'Eulingu - the friends of Eulingu
U basu d'gramatiku d'Eulingu - The basics of Eulingu's grammar
I kolori d'oktobru - the colours of October
I lingi d'Europu - the languages of Europu
Una aktura d'teatru - a theater actress
Uno musikuro d'stagu - a (male) stage musician

Well, we hope you enjoyed your first "grammar session" and would be happy to see and hear from you again in the near future...to be continued. :-)

© 2011 Amiki d'Eulingu

Eulingu - Summary Part I

Es Eulingu un projektu novus a develope un lingu simplus kel une li populi europis in 'un tongu'. Estun demonstre multu respektu por li multi kulturi d'Europu, zelebre su diversitu grandus i reflekte si elementi kulturis i lingis in le develope d'Eulingu.

 

Li sufiksi
Eulingu is defined by its suffixes which make it easy to recognise and to identify 'neuter' (-u), 'female' (-a) or 'male' (-o) nouns. The plural is created with '-i' (neuter), '-ai' (female) or '-oi' (male). Nevertheless, in Slangu (Eulingu Slang) the ending '-ai' or '-oi' is replaced by a simple '-i', e.g. 'li femi' (the women). Everything related to 'action' uses the suffix '-e' (le skribe - the writing, esta skribe - she writes/is writing). Quality (adverb/adjective) is added through a final '-s' (esta skribe rapides - she writes/is writing fast, le skribe rapides d'Pero- the fast writing of Pero, un vehiklu rapidus - a fast car/vehicle, uno amiko grandos - a great 'male' friend, la fema petitas - the small woman, tri viri italis - three Italian men).

 

Li 4 tempi
Furthermore, Eulingu knows only four 'tempi': Present, Past and Future I and Future II. In order to have basic communication we are convinced that we do not need more than 4 tenses at the current stage. Everything else would be scientific, advanced or poetic Eulingu. Basic Eulingu is using so-called indicators to set the 'correct timing':

 

1) Present tense - Est
This is happening at the moment or on a regular basis. We do not differentiate between those two events and take it 'as it is'.

 

Estum/em - I am
Estut - You are (sgl)
Esto - He is
Esta - She is
Estu/es - It is
Estun - We are
Estuv - You are (pl)
Esti - They are

 

Uni eksempli:
A Luntagu em beve un espresu - On Monday I am drinking an espresso
Esto aude a musiku - He listens/is listening to music
Sara (esta) plaze sur un stul - Sarah sits/is sitting on a stool
Es grandus! - It is great!
Esti ame nu lingu - They love/are loving our language

 

2) Past tense - Ver
Everything that happened in the past stays in the 'past'. Based on the word 'veru' (truth) it looks at the past as something complete, true and fulfilled.

 

Verum - I was
Verut - You were (sgl)
Vero - He was
Vera - She was
Veru - It was
Verun - We were
Veruv - You were (pl)
Veri - They were

 

Uni eksempli:
Verut skribe un letru a tu amiku - You wrote/did write/were writing a letter to your friend
Pero vero vade a un pub - Pero (he) went/did go/was going to a pub
Olga vera non guste li pinti - Olga (she) did not like/was not liking the pictures
Lo patro i la matra veri vade a festu d'Pero - The father and the mother (they) went/did go/were going to Pero's party

 

3) Future I tense - Vol
Future I is looking at the furture, especially at what one wishes to achieve.

 

Volum - I will/want/would like to
Volut - You will/want/would like to (sgl)
Volo - He will/wants/would like to
Vola - She will/wants/would like to
Volu - It will/wants/would like to
Volun - We will/want/would like to
Voluv - You will/want/would like to (pl)
Voli - They will/want/would like to

 

Uni eksempli:
Volum pinte un korpu - I will/want/would like to paint a body
Lu amiku volu skribe un letru a Sara - The 'neuter' friend (it/he/she) will/wants/would like to write a letter to Sarah

 

4) Future II tense - Vad
Also looking at the future this is definitely a more concrete scenario as things are going to happen as planned, e.g. I have entered the train to London shouting back at my friend through the open car window: 'I am going to London by train'.

 

Vadum - I am going to
Vadut - You are going to (sgl)
Vado - He is going to
Vada - She is going to
Vadu - It is going to
Vadun - We are going to
Vaduv - You are going to (pl)
Vadi - They are going to

 

Uni eksempli:
Vadum vade a mu domu - I am going to my house
Larisa vada rekorde un partu d'musiku - Larissa (she) is going to record a piece of music
Vaduv beve un otru bevu? - Are you going to drink another drink? (pl)

 

Summary
In a nutshell this is how basic Eulingu works. It is consistent and allows for quick and unambiguous understanding. You can easily form sentences when you know the correct tense indicator or suffix. Go for it! :-)

 

Kes estut pense? What do you think? Was denkst du?

 

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Gramatiku - The letter "e" it is :-)

A person doing something has the suffix "-eru/eri" (neuter), "-era/erai" (female) or "-ero/eroi" (male), e.g.:

EUL Es mu amiku un skriberu. Multi d'mi amiki esti skriberi.

ENG My 'neuter' friend (it) is a writer. Many of my 'neuter' friends (they) are 'neuter' writers.
DEU Mein 'sächlicher' Freund (er) ist ein 'sächlicher' Schreiber/Schriftsteller. Viele meiner 'sächlichen' Freunde (sie) sind 'sächliche' Schreiber/Schriftsteller.

EUL Esta ma amika una skribera.

ENG My 'female' friend (she) is a 'female' writer.
DEU Meine Freundin (sie) ist eine Schreiberin/Schriftstellerin.

An act of something has the suffix "-e" and is preceded by "le" (or similar me, te, se etc.), e.g.:

EUL Esta Sara i esta una aktera. Esta akte in un teatru petitus in l'urb d'London.

ENG This is Sara and she is an actress. She acts/plays in a small theatre in the city of London.
DEU Sie/das ist Sarah und sie ist eine Akteurin/Schauspielerin. Sie agiert/spielt in einem kleinen Theater in der Stadt London.

EUL Esta Tara, esta una skribera. Em guste se skribe i su libru novus.

ENG She/this is Tara, she is a 'female' writer. I like her writing (style) and her latest book.
DEU Sie/das ist Tara, sie ist eine Schreiberin/Schriftstellerin. Ich mag ihr Schreiben/ihren Schreibstil und ihr neustes Buch.

Summary
Eulingu is defined by its suffixes which make it easy to recognise and to identify 'neuter' (-u), 'female' (-a) or 'male' (-o) nouns. The plural is created with '-i' (neuter), '-ai' (female) or '-oi' (male). Nevertheless, in Slangu (Eulingu Slang) the ending '-ai' or '-oi' is replaced by a simple '-i', e.g. 'li femi' (the women). Everything related to 'action' uses the suffix '-e' (le skribe - the writing, esta skribe - she writes/is writing). Quality (adverb/adjective) is added through a final '-s' (esta skribe rapides - she writes/is writing fast, le skribe rapides d'Pero- the fast writing of Pero, un vehiklu rapidus - a fast car/vehicle, uno amiko grandos - a great 'male' friend, una fema petitas - a small woman, tri viri italis - three Italian men).
 

Kes estut pense? What do you think? Was denkst du?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Lu finu es lu finu

EUL I kes es lu kredu? Lu kredu est lu finu es lu finu.

ENG And what is the credo? The credo is that the end is the end.

DEU Und was ist das Kredo? Das Kredo ist, dass das Ende das Ende ist.

While "es" is an abbreviation of "estu" (=it is), the term "est" is - surprisingly - an abbreviation of "estu" as well, but in this case meaning "is that". In general, abbreviations are part of "Slangu" (=Eulingu slang), the "day-2-day" spoken and written Eulingu. Slangu terms will vary by country, group and individual.

So, the above sentence in Slangu could easily be (dropping the "t" in "est"):

I kes es lu kredu? Lu kredu es lu finu es lu finu.

Slangu is our way of making Eulingu more accessible to the wider audience and to give it some "spice". It is a step forward between the Eulingu of today and the Eulingu of tomorrow, which has its roots in a structured "main language" and acts as a "common" one being able to adapt and to move quickly in a fast past environment and a vast community of artificial languages.

Kes estut pense? What do you think? Was denkst du?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Etymology vs Consistency

Grazu a Wikipedia

EUL In setu artiklu estun regarde etimologu i kel partu es juke in le develope d'Eulingu.

ENG In this article we are looking at etymology and which part it is playing in the development of Eulingu.

DEU In diesem Artikel werfen wir einen Blick auf die Etymologie und welchen Teil sie in der Entwicklung von Eulingu spielt.

According to Wikipedia the term "Etymology" is defined as: 

"Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. By an extension, the term 'etymology (of a word)' means the origin of a particular word.

For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods of their history and when they entered the languages in question. Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about languages that are too old for any direct information to be available. By analyzing related languages with a technique known as the comparative method, linguists can make inferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In this way, word roots have been found that can be traced all the way back to the origin of, for instance, the Indo-European language family..."

The (Indo-)European language family is the playing field and the base camp for Eulingu and from which we start our journey upwards to the proverbial "top of the mountain". We see Eulingu as the "natural extension" of European languages. So how do we bring this "etimologu" into Eulingu?

Just by looking at the several options for "mother" in the picture (thanks to Wikipedia) above - which one is the one that makes it into the language? Do we go with the stem of the word which is "ma" (from "to make") or Sanskrit "mata"? How far do we go back to reflect those roots in Eulingu? Do we just take that root and apply a certain Eulingu grammar or "reglu" (=consistency), which might suggest "ma" or "mata" after all (as the suffix "-a" in Eulingu indicates the female)? Or do we look at modern times and exchange the "t" with a "d" and also add an "r" (the latter can be found in many European languages)? Do we take the opposite "lo patro" into account?

So - currently - the reflected term for "the mother" in Eulingu is "la matra", for various resaons:

1) It includes the actual word stem "ma" rather than "mo", "mu" or "mè"

2) It is "mat" and not "mad" as we prefer the "hard sound" of the "t" to the softer one of "d" (as a "general rule" within Eulingu), also if in doubt look at Latin and Greek for inspiration

3) We include the "r" as it is found in the majority of European languages

4) As a final touch we apply the Eulingu suffix "-a" (for consistency) in order to indicate a female noun: mat-r-a = matra, the correct article is "la": la matra, in direct contrast to "lo patro" (the father)

EUL Lo patro i la matra (esti) vade a festu d'Pero.

ENG The father and the mother (they) go to Pero's party.

DEU Der Vater und die Mutter (sie) gehen zu Peros Fest.

So - in a nutshell - we apply a certain Eulingu "reglu" to "etimologu" to create "konsistenzu", so it is less a "vs" than a "joint effort" of both.

One last thing before we let you go, why do we write "etymology" in Eulingu as "etimologu" and not as "etymologu"? Because we are more concerned with the "sound" than with the "actual" spelling of a word, based on the "one letter - one sound" theory. Also, Spanish "etimología" and Italian "etimologia" are great indicators as well.

Kes estut pense? What do you think? Was denkst du?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Li pinti d'Pikaso - The paintings of Picasso

EUL Em guste li pinti d'Picasso/Pikaso i su stilu d'pinte.
ENG I like the paintings of Picasso and his painting style.
DEU Ich mag die Bilder von Picasso und seinen Malstil.

In this post we like to have another look at the topic which we discussed in our previous blog post regarding the article "le" and "action" (-e) in general. While "em guste" (I like) is an abbreviation of "estum guste" (which we all are aware of), let's focus on "li pinti" and "su stilu d'pinte".

The expression "li pinti" is the plural of the 'genderless' term "lu pintu" (the painting), changing the final "-u" into "-i" in order to indicate 'genderless' quantity. Remember, the vast majority of words in Eulingu are 'genderless', therefore no need to learn if "lu tablu" (the table), "lu floru" (the flower), "lu amiku" (the friend) are female or masculine. Nevertheless you are able to add gender in certain cases with "-a" or "-o", e.g. "la fema" (the woman), "lo viro" (the man) and "lo amiko" (the 'male' friend). The plural is expressed with "-ai" and "-oi", e.g. "li amikai" (the 'female' friends) and "li viroi" (the men).

For "su stilu d'pinte" let's look at "su stilu" and "d'pinte" separately. The term "su stilu" refers to "his style", not "her" or "its" style as "he" (Picasso/Pikaso) is mentioned earlier in the sentence and "his" appearance determines the "gender" of "su". The final "d'pinte" (of painting) is based on the "reglu" we described in the previous blog post. All "action" is created through the suffix "-e", e.g. the verb "to paint" is "a pinte", while the noun "the painting" (the process of painting) is formed with "le pinte".

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Lu pintu vs le pinte

Eulingu is about innovation and a more practical & efficient approach to thinking and structure. We guess we have covered a lot of the basics, maybe here is another addition:

So far we have used the articles "lu", "li", "la" and "lo" to express neuter (lu tablu - the table), quantity (li tabli - the tables), female (la fema - the woman) and male (lo viro - the man). We have not touched on "le" which could be very useful when it comes to expressing "action" (-e), e.g. un eksemplu:

The painting on the wall vs the painting of the wall - Lu pintu a mur vs le pinte d'mur

By using "le" [le:] and the suffix "-e" we indicate action in the form of a noun (-ing) rather than a verb. This would help creating consistency within Eulingu and would serve as a solution to get rid of the previous inconclusive ending "-eru".

So, if you want to compliment someone by saying "I like your painting of the wall" you simply do it with:

"Em guste te pinte d'mur"

In contrast to "I like your painting on the wall" which is:

"Em guste tu pintu a mur"

On a side note, when we say "lu pintu a mur" we actually mean "the painting on/at/to the wall", basically "the painting 'sticking' to the wall".

Kes estut pense? What do you think? Was denkst du?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Su festu - Her party

EUL Esta invite-tu i Pero a su festu.

ENG She is inviting/invites you and Pero to her party.

DEU Sie laedt dich und Pero zu ihrem Fest/ihrer Party ein.

There are three things we like to highlight in this sentence, first "esta" (she is) and "Pero". While the ending "-a" basically indicates "female" in Eulingu, the suffix "-o" in "Pero" indicates a male person. Secondly, the verb "invite" is pronounced [in'vi'te] and not [in'va'it] as one might assume (based on the English pronunciation). And finally, the word "su festu" does not mean "his party" but "her party" as "she" is the "acting" part and not Pero (being on the receiving end does not allow you to dictate "terms"). If - for some strange reason - she needed to invite you & Pero to "his" party one could always use the shortcut "esta invite-tu i Pero a festu d'Pero". :-)

I in tu lingu? And in you language? Und in deiner Sprache?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu  

Pluvi in Anglu - Rain in England

EUL Pluvi in Anglu, Albu i Kymru in tempu d'vakanzi.

ENG Rain(s) in England, Scotland and Wales in the vacation(s)/holiday(s) season/time.

DEU Regen in England, Schottland und Wales in der Urlaubszeit.

Currently there is too much rain coming down in England, Scotland and Wales with more predicted for the weekend. June 2012 has been the wettest June on record and it seems there is only little hope for the beginning of July.

In our "eksemplu" we used the plural of "rain" and "vacation", especially without an article in order to express and indicate bigger quantities.

© 2012 SkyNews i Amiki d'Eulingu

Lu libru d'semanu

EUL Es lu libru anglus "The Looking Glass War" d'skriburo britos John le Carré mu libru d'semanu.

ENG The English book "The Looking Glass War" by the British writer John le Carré is my book of the week.

FRA Le livre anglais “The Looking Glass War” de l’auteur britannique John le Carré est mon livre de la semaine.

DEU Das englische Buch "The Looking Glass War" des britischen Schriftstellers John le Carré ist mein Buch der Woche.

Kel es tu libru d'semanu? Which is your book of the week? Was ist dein Buch der Woche? :-)

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Espanu - Lu mastru d'Europu por un otru tempu

Espanu. La afición española quiso estar a la altura de su selección de fútbol y mejoró celebraciones pasadas. Más jolgorio que tras la victoria en la Eurocopa de Austria 2008, mayor entrega que en el Mundial de Sudáfrica 2010. Un millón de personas rellenaron, sin fisuras, el centro de Madrid, todas perfectamente ataviadas. No había nadie que no se hubiera enfundado una camiseta roja y se pudieron ver miles de banderas de España de todos los tamaños. La marea fue un hecho impresionante para contemplar desde el aire y emocionante de vivir desde tierra. [Así les contamos la fiesta]

El epicentro de la celebración fue la plaza de la diosa Cibeles. Allí, desde las tres del mediodía esperaba una enorme cantidad de seguidores de España. Aguantaron siete horas bajo el sol que animaron los manguerazos de los bomberos y conciertos de artistas como Chenoa, Melendi o Huecco. Los cánticos se repetían. Se iba desde los clásicos “Yo soy español” o “Qué viva España” hasta el actualizado “Italiano en el que no bote” aunque el más repetido fue el simple pero más que animado “Campeones, campeones”. Cuando llegaron los Iker Casillas, Andrés Iniesta y compañía, la gente ya no podía tener el ánimo más alto.

Visite El Mundo a lese totu artiklu, grazu!

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Union of European Federalists (UEF)

The Union of European Federalists (UEF) is a non-governmental and supranational organisation dedicated to the promotion of a democratic and federal Europe.

It consists of 19 constituent organisations and it has been active at the European, national and local levels for more than 50 years.

It was founded shortly after World War II with the belief that only a European Federation, based on the idea of unity in diversity, could overcome the division of the European continent that had caused the suffering and destruction of the two World Wars.

Federalists believed that only a common effort of European citizens working towards this goal could create a peaceful and democratic Europe guaranteeing freedom and the protection of human rights.

The aim of the Union of European Federalists is therefore to: - bring together citizens who desire to work for the federal unity of Europe - act as a catalyst of democratic forces in Europe - stimulate public debate on the political content of the 'European project'. Members of our organisation come from all over Europe and are of all age groups and backgrounds. They all share a common concern about the future of Europe and of the European Union.

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

UEFA EURO 2012 in Polsku i Ukrainu

EUL Kem estut prepare-tu por eventu d'futbolu EURO 2012 in Polsku i Ukrainu? Kon biri i BBQ?

ENG How do you prepare yourself for the football event EURO 2012 in Poland and the Ukraine? With beer and BBQ?
FRA Comment tu te prépares pour le championnat d'Europe de football 2012 en Pologne et Ukraine? Avec de la bière et un barbecue?

DEU Wie bereitest du dich auf das Fussballevent EURO 2012 in Polen und der Ukraine vor? Mit Bier und BBQ?

UEFA EURO2012. Es un eventu majorus a zelebre diversitu europus, futbolu i Europu. Lu eventu embraze lu programu 'Respect Diversity – Football Unites' ('Respekte Diversitu - Futbolu Une') i un kampagnu kontru razismu.

Estun dize: "Suporte nu landu, presente respektu i zelebre unitu in diversitu..." :-)

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Disolve un reglu - Break a rule - Eine Regel brechen

EUL A disolve un reglu estut kre primes un reglu. 

ENG In order to break a rule you need to create it first.

DEU Um eine Regel zu brechen, muss man sie erst kreieren.

Just a little thought we had yesterday, but we guess it applies to our little project here as well. Eulingu, when it's fully developed - well, in a way even now - will have a certain structure, grammar and inventory. It might appear too strict, too lifeless and maybe lacks spirit. Well, then it is "our responsibility" to spice it up a little by "breaking the rule".

Which is something we already do, e.g. replacing "estum" (I am) with "em" or "estu/esti" (it is/they are) with a simple "es". But, when asked how we ended up with "em" or "es" we can always go back to our "roots" and explain. 

That is why we need a sound and waterproof language first. :-)

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Nu korpu - Our body - Unser Körper (Partu primus)

EUL Estun posese un korpu, dermu/pelu, un kapu, un torsu i un dorsu, di brazi/brasi, di mani i penti digiti (d'manu), di gambi, di pedi i penti digiti (d'pedu). Otres un fazu, kapeli (i viri un barbu), un frontu, un kolu/gorgu i un nuk, di vangi, di oki i di ori, un nasu, un boku/bozu, lipi, denti i un tongu.

ENG We possess a body, skin, a head, a torso and a back/dorsum, two arms, two hands and five fingers, two legs, two feet and five toes. Also/furthermore a face, hair (and men a beart), a forehead, a throat and a neck, two cheeks, two eyes and two ears, a nose, a mouth, lips, teeth and a tongue.

DEU Wir besitzen einen Körper, Haut, einen Kopf, einen Torso und einen Rücken, zwei Arme, zwei Hände und fünf Finger, zwei Beine, zwei Füsse und fünf Zehen. Desweiteren/ebenso ein Gesicht, Haare (und Männer einen Bart), eine Stirn, einen Hals/eine Kehle und einen Nacken, zwei Wangen, zwei Augen und zwei Ohren, eine Nase, einen Mund, Lippen, Zähne und eine Zunge.

I in tu lingu? And in your lingo? Und in deiner Lingo? :-)

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Tempu - Kel horu es?

EUL Kel horu es? Es tri hori.

ENG What's the time/hour? It's three o'clock.

DEU Wie spaet ist es? Es ist drei Uhr.

ESP Qué hora es? Son las tres.

FRA Quelle heure est-il? Il est trois heures.

POR Que horas são? São três horas.

ROM Che chaso si? Si tri.

CAT Quina hora és? Són les tres.

ALB Sa është ora? Ora është tre.

AST A qué hora ye? Son las trés.

SLK Koľko je hodín ? Sú tri hodiny.

CEL Ceðír sío haith? "which is the hour?" Sío haith trínat "it's the third hour".

I in tu lingu? And in your language? Und in deiner Lingo?

Gramatiku. As you can see it is very simple to express time (tempu) in Eulingu, you can even swap around as you like, e.g. "kel es horu?" or "es kel horu?", it still means "what/which is the time/hour?". When you like to know at what time your train is leaving for Paris, just ask: "A kel horu departe lu trenu a Paris?" - "At what/which time departs the train to/for Paris?".

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Kel es lu kremu d'kanti europis?

EUL Kel es lu kremu d'kanti europis?

ENG Which is the creme of European songs?

DEU Welche ist die Creme der europaeischen Lieder?

Visite playlistu d'YouTube!

Baku. The Eurovision Song Contest 2012 is the 57th annual Eurovision Song Contest. It is being held in Baku, Azerbaijan, following Azerbaijan's win in the 2011 Contest with Eldar & Nigar's song "Running Scared". The two semi-finals were scheduled to be held on 22 May and 24 May 2012, and the final on 26 May 2012. Ten countries from each semi-final will qualify for the final and will be joined by Azerbaijan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. Forty-two countries have announced their participation in the contest, with Montenegro returning, having last taken part in 2009, and Poland and Armenia withdrawing.

Visite Wikipedia a lese totu artiklu!

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Foreign words in Eulingu

EUL La fema franzas i lo viro norgos, ambi esti habite in Europu. Esti parle Eulingu, ambi, i esti telefone di tempi in semanu.
ENG The French woman and the Norwegian man, they both live in Europe. They speak Eulingu, both, and they phone (each other) twice (in) a week.
DEU Die franzoesische Frau und der norwegische Mann, sie leben beide in Europa. Sie sprechen Eulingu, beide, und sie telefonieren zweimal in (der) Woche.

Europu. When it comes to foreign terms, Eulingu is very much in favour of keeping etymology and original forms and expressions. Eulingu's 'gramatiku' is designed to welcome and to implement most variations of a certain term, 'the language' - 'lu lingu', but also 'lo lingo', 'lo radio', 'lo video' etc. as long as there is consistency within its endings (lu -u, lo -o). When looking at our beloved 'kontinentu' we are blessed with various opportunities: 'Europe - Europu/Europe/Europa/Евро́па', leading to 'a European car' - 'un vehiklu europus'. Just make sure that 'li fini' correspond and you are one happy camper.

A similar 'reglu' applies to country names, e.g. we can keep the original or 'eulingunise' the term, e.g. la France i/o lu Franzu. Changing a term into 'struktur d'Eulingu' allows us to play around with it more freely, e.g. 'a French woman' - 'una fema franzas', all we need to do is applying the female 'a'. Let's have a look at 'the Norwegian man', who reflects in Eulingu as 'lo viro norgos', using the masculine 'o' structure.

Regions, city, town and village names are mostly kept in their original format using the genetive as a 'workaround', e.g. 'la fema d'Paris' - 'the woman from Paris'.

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

ALL OR NOTHING!!! :-)

Bon Tagu d'Europu - Happy Europe Day

EUL Kes es Tagu d'Europu? Es a tagu!
ENG What is Europe Day? It is today!
DEU Was ist (der) Europatag? Er/es ist heute!

Europu. You may have come across a reference in a diary or elsewhere to the fact that 9 May is "Europe Day" and perhaps asked about its significance.

Probably very few people in Europe know that on 9 May 1950 the first move was made towards the creation of what is now known as the European Union.

In Paris that day, against the background of the threat of a Third World War engulfing the whole of Europe, the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman read to the international press a declaration calling France, Germany and other European countries to pool together their coal and steel production as "the first concrete foundation of a European federation".

What he proposed was the creation of a supranational European Institution, charged with the management of the coal and steel industry, the very sector which was, at that time, the basis of all military power. The countries which he called upon had almost destroyed each other in a dreadful conflict which had left after it a sense of material and moral desolation.

Everything, therefore, began that day. That is why during the Milan Summit of EU leaders in 1985 it was decided to celebrate 9 May as "Europe Day".

Every country which democratically chooses to accede to the European Union endorses its fundamental values of peace and solidarity.

These values find expression through economic and social development embracing environmental and regional dimensions which are the guarantees of a decent standard of living for all citizens.

While Europe as such has existed for centuries, the elements which united it, in the absence of rules and institutions, have in the past been insufficient to prevent the most appalling tragedies.

The integration of Europe will not come about in one day or even in a few decades. Deficiencies are still numerous and there are evident imperfections. The project which was begun just after the Second World War is still very new. In the past, efforts at European union were based on domination of one group over another. These attempts could not last, because those who had been conquered had only one aspiration: to regain their freedom.

Today's ambition is completely different: to build a Europe which respects freedom and the identity of all of the people which compose it. Only by uniting its peoples can Europe control the mastery of its destiny and develop a positive role in the world.

The European Union is at the service of its citizens. While keeping their own specific values, customs and language, European citizens should feel at ease in the "European home".

© 2012 Europu

Esto Hollande presidento novos d'Franzu

Euronews/Paris. François Hollande has beaten Nicolas Sarkozy in the country’s presidential election.

An official exit poll, published at exactly 20:00 local time, credited Hollande with 52.5% of the vote, with Sarkozy on 47.5%.

Hollande will become France’s first socialist president since François Mitterand, who left office 17 years ago. Sarkozy meanwhile becomes the first president to be voted out after just one term since Valérie Giscard d’Estaing was beaten by Mitterand in 1981.

The outgoing president was quick to concede defeat. At his campaign headquarters in Paris barely 20 minutes after the exit poll was issued, he told his supporters that he had already telephoned Hollande to wish him luck.

“François Hollande is the President of France and he must be respected,” he said, “I bear the full responsibility for this defeat.”

Jubilant socialist supporters celebrated outside their party headquarters in Paris’ Bastille square.

© 2012 Euronews

Em guste tu lingu - I like your language

At first you might think there is a difference between the two sentences. But looking closer it becomes "clear" that the first one is only the shorter version of the second. When saying "em guste-tu" (I like you) we actually mean "em guste tu personu" (I like your person) but we skip the "personu" and align the orphan "tu" with the verb "guste" using a hyphen (-).

In the second sentence we refer to "your language" and as "lingu" is an important words (which we cannot neglect) we are not going to skip it this time, "in faktu" we keep it: "Em guste tu lingu" (I like your language).

Uni otri eksempli:

Em lave-mu - I wash myself
Em lave mu vehiklu - I wash my car
Estut ame-tu - You love yourself
Estut ame tu domu - You love your house
Esto guste-sa - He likes her
Esto guste ta fema - He likes your woman
Esta guste-su/sa - She likes herself
Esta guste su kapelu - She likes her hair
Estun lave-nu - We wash ourselves
Estun lave nu vehiklu - We wash our car
Esti ame-tu - They love you
Esti ame tu lingu - They love your language

Estut guste nu lingu? Do you like our language?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Eulingu on OneEurope :-)

OneEurope. A very intriguing and exciting project, which has successfully developed (and continues developing), one simple language for Europe - Eulingu.

It is a tongue which we can all understand easily and learn quickly, as it based on all the European language groups. A very democratic way to solve the question: "What language should we speak in a united Europe?"

It demonstrates respect for the cultures of Europe and reflects elements from all of them. It really embraces the European motto: "United in Diversity".

The people behind this project have a desire to create an atmosphere of unity, tolerance and acceptance in Europe.

Read it and understand it - it's easy!:

"Es Eulingu un projektu novus a develope un lingu simplus a une populi europis in "un tongu". Estun demonstre multu respektu por multi kulturi d'Europu i reflekte esti elementi kulturis in developu d'Eulingu.

Es desiru d'Eulingu a kre i a komunize un atmosferu d'unitu, d'toleru i d'akzeptu in Europu."

© 2012 OneEurope i Amiki d'Eulingu

"Un kartu d'Europu" according to Microsoft's Bing

EUL Un otru kartu grandus d'Europu

ENG Another great map of Europe

DEU Ein weitere grossartige Karte von Europa

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Tagu primus d'Mayu - First day of May

EUL A jur estun zelebre lu tagu primus d'Mayu. Kem estut zelebre?
ENG Today we celebrate the first (day) of May. How do you celebrate?
DEU Heute feiern wir den ersten Mai(tag). Wie feierst Du/feiert Ihr?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

D'Europu a Eulingu - From Europe to Eulingu

Eulingu is a language project which was first introduced in 2005. Its purpose is a) to reflect European languages, cultures and values and b) to unite Europeans in "un tongu".

Well, how to reflect appropriately? Simply by copy/paste or is there a better - even more sophisticated - approach? Certainly, the copy/paste method is a good and solid starting point. Also, researching the various European markets and landscapes for the best offer. 

But what do we bring home to our loved ones? Plain language extracts such as roots, terms and idioms or are we allowed to get distracted and focus on other key elements as well? Yes, most definitely...we are even obliged to go further. 

Language is not just sound and spelling, it also embraces structure, definition, identity, flexibility, simplicity, emotion, courage, creativity, poetry and all those other beautiful "byproducts" which make life so much more interesting and worth living.

So, what does this mean for the development of Eulingu? Well, it means we have to go beyond sound and spelling and explore deeper. We have to evaluate which "strings" of a certain European language are clear enough to get reflected in Eulingu. The main thing is that we do not need to use all ingredients which are available to us. 

We might take the root from one language, add structure from the next, let it cook with some courage from the third, spice it up with extra flexibility from four and five, sprinkle simplicity from number six on top, let it simmer for another 10-20min and end up with a dish which Europeans might call their "favourite".

Bon apetitu!

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Exchanging Ideas on Europe 2012

Old Borders – New Frontiers

3-5 September 2012, Passau, Germany

Join us in Bavaria at the University of Passau for a three day interdisciplinary conference covering all aspects of contemporary European Studies.

The event coincides with the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Common Market Studies, the UACES Journal. We plan to mark the occasion in Passau with a round-table session of former editors and the release of a special commemorative issue of the best articles published in each decade of the Journal.

If you are interested in sponsoring our event, or to exhibit your publications, please email admin@uaces.org

Link to registration!

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

OneEurope - UnEuropu

We are a network and community addressing paneuropean topics and connecting Europeans, initiatives, ngo's and other european projects.

OneEurope is a place where European citizens, bloggers, ngo's and initiatives can meet, get involved, discuss and access interesting topics about Europe.

Right now we are growing our community on Social Networks. In the background we work on a broader online platform. We always appreciate new supporters ready to invest time to grow OneEurope. Just mail to one1europe@gmail.com if you want to contribute!

-------------------------------------------------------------

Emerging nationalistic movements across Europe are questioning the value of a united Europe and labeling it as a scapegoat. The economic crisis fuels their rhetoric and increasingly attracts people looking for simple answers, frustrated by their governments and afraid of a power above the national level they have no control over.

But while the complex uniting process of our countries has been far from flawless we strongly believe it is a path worth to keep following. We don't want nationalistic parties to be the only voices audible, we don't want them to play off more powerful countries against weaker ones paving the ground for even stronger hostilities. We don't want to turn back history!

The world today is much different from the world a few decades ago. While the globalisiation has brought us many comforts and freedoms it also leaves individual countries in strong dependency of their partners.

We appreciate the variety of societies and cultures Europe has to offer and we are convinced cooperation between our countries holds far more chances than risks. We reject nationalism and appreciate the peaceful integration of people whatever ethnic or religious background they might have.

Of course we also reject a European nationalism towards non-European countries.

A known issue of the EU is a lack of an international european public where debates and politics can take place across borders overcoming cultural and linguistic barriers. As long as it stays like this politicians will be tempted to focus on national interests despite European responsablities and are tempted to hide European opportunities.

But there are enough Europeans ready to be part of a European public regarding a united Europe to be more more than the sum of its members. Let us be aware if anyone will protect and move Europe forward, it is us, we who know what it's worth!

We want a democratic, peaceful, diverse, and united Europe.

© 2012 OneEurope

Kem a frage in Eulingu?

In order to add some more "konsistenzu" within Eulingu we have decided to use the "ke" structure when creating question words where action is involved (as the suffix "-e" implies movement of some kind) and "ku/ka/ko/ki" where people are addressed.

Akti:
Kes - What
Kel - Which/who
Ker - Where
Kem - How
Kem multu - How much
Kem multi - How many
Ken - When
Por kes? - Why/What for

Uni eksempli:
Kes es? - What is this/that/it?
Kem multi lingi estut parle? - How many languages do you speak?
Kem multu es? - How much is it/does it cost?
Kem estut? - How are you?
Ken esti arive in zentru? - When do they arrive in the (city) centre?

Populi:
Ku/ka/ko - Who (sgl)
Ki - Who (pl)
Kum - Whom

Uni eksempli:
Ku es? - Who is this 'gender unknown' person?
Ku es posesur d'batu? - Who is the owner of the boat?
Ka esta? - Who is she?
Ko esto? - Who is he?
Ki esti? - Who are they?
Kum estun done ni moneti? - Whom do we give our money?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Tagu d'biru germanus - Legu d'puritu

EUL A tagu estun zelebre lu tagu d'biru germanus i lu legu d'puritu d'anu 1516.
ENG Today we celebrate the Day of German Beer and the Purity Law of the year 1516.
DEU Heute zelebrieren wir den Tag des Deutschen Bieres und das Reinheitsgebot des Jahres 1516.

The Reinheitsgebot (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnhaɪtsɡəboːt] literally "purity order"), sometimes called the "German Beer Purity Law" or the "Bavarian Purity Law" in English, was a regulation concerning the production of beer in Germany. In the original text, the only ingredients that could be used in the production of beer were water, barley and hops.

The law originated in the city of Ingolstadt in the duchy of Bavaria on 23 April 1516, although first put forward in 1487, concerning standards for the sale and composition of beer.

In the original text, the only ingredients that could be used in the production of beer were water, barley and hops. The law also set the price of beer at 1-2 Pfennig per Maß. The Reinheitsgebot is no longer part of German law: it has been replaced by the Provisional German Beer Law, which allows constituent components prohibited in the Reinheitsgebot, such as yeast, wheat malt and cane sugar, but which no longer allows unmalted barley.

Note that no yeast was mentioned in the original text. It was not until the 1800s that Louis Pasteur discovered the role of microorganisms in the process of fermentation; therefore, yeast was not known to be an ingredient of beer. Brewers generally took some sediment from the previous fermentation and added it to the next, the sediment generally containing the necessary organisms to perform fermentation. If none were available, they would set up a number of vats, relying on natural yeast to inoculate the brew.

Hops are added to beer to impart flavors but also act as a preservative, and their mention in the Reinheitsgebot meant to prevent alternative methods of preserving beer that had been used before the introduction of hops. Medieval brewers had used many problematic ingredients to preserve beers, including, for example soot and fly agaric mushrooms. More commonly, other "gruit" herbs had been used, such as stinging nettle and henbane. Indeed, the German name of the latter, Bilsenkraut, may originally mean "Plzeň herb"; that this region was a major centre of beer brewing long before the invention of (Reinheitsgebot-compliant) Pilsener.

The penalty for making impure beer was also set in the Reinheitsgebot: a brewer using other ingredients for his beer could have questionable barrels confiscated with no compensation.

German breweries are very proud of the Reinheitsgebot, and many (even brewers of wheat beer) claim to still abide by it.

Por mori deteli i a lese totu artiklu d'Reinheitsgebot visite Wikipedia, Prost! :-)

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Franzu elekte un presidentu novus

Paris. A soltagu Franzu veru vade a elekte un presidentu novus in rondu primus d'elektu 2012. A presentu es un kombatu d'Nicolas Sarkozy i d'Francois Hollande kel posese un advanzu petitus in resulti primis. 

Por mori deteli d'elektu 2012 d'Franzu visite France24, merci!

Vorti novis

Franzu - France

a elekte - to elect

un presidentu novus - a new 'gender unknown' president

a soltagu - on Sunday

veru vade - (it/she) was going/did go

in rondu primus - in (the) first round

d'elektu 2012 - of the 2012 election

a presentu - at present

es un kombatu - it is a battle

d'Nicolas Sarkozy i d'Francois Hollande - of Nicolas Sarkozy and of Francois Hollande

kel posese un advanzu petitus - which/who possesses a small advantage
in resulti primis - in the first results
por mori deteli - for more details

a visite - to visit

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Lu sufiksu "-ur"

EUL Es un amiku d'Pablo kel es skribur d'letru. Su nomu es Marko i esto lo skriburo d'multi letri a ni amiki. 

ENG It is a friend of Pablo which/who is the writer of the letter. His name is Marko and he is the 'male' writer of many letters to our friends.

DEU Es ist ein Freund Pablos, welcher der 'ungeschlechtliche' Schreiber des Briefes ist. Sein Name ist Marko und er ist der 'maennliche' Schreiber vieler Briefe an unsere Freunde.

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Urbi europis in Ameriku

EUL Kel i kum multi urbi europis estut trove in estu kartu d'Ameriku?
ENG Which and how many European cities do you find in this map of America?
DEU Welche und wieviele europaeische Staedte findest du in dieser Karte Amerikas?

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu

Un historu d'Eulingu

Just a little history of Eulingu: Eulingu derives from an artificial language called Duirún [du:'ri:n] (=the language of Duirú) which was invented many years ago. In order to bring it to the real world we decided in 2005 to change its name to "Eurin", later "Iorpún" (the language of Iorpú=Europe) and combine the experience of Duirún with the languages of Europe. Of course, this turned out to be a "minor disaster" as we made too many compromises.

"Europún" followed soon after with a more realistic goal but still included elements of Duirún which were scrapped in 2008 when we announced "Eulingu" (getting rid of the "ún" in favour of "u" [u:])...which now is solely based on European languages combined with our previous experiences. 

So what did we learn and what does Duirún bring to Eulingu:

1) Vowels: They represent either "gender", "quantity" i/o "action" in Eulingu. "A" reflects the female, "o" the male, "u" the genderless singular, "i" the genderless plural and "e" activity in the form of verbs. Furthermore, "ai" and "oi" allow us to form either female or male plural if "i" is not sufficient enough. 

For "a" and "o" we only need to look at Portugal for inspiration, for "i" at Italy, "for "e" we have plenty of options (France, Germany etc) and for "ai/oi" at Greek or Esperanto. Which leaves us with "u" which in a way derives from "neutral". 

It was introduced to replace endings such as "-ie", "-y" or "-ia" in natural languages, e.g. "Demokratie", "démocratie", "democracia" i/o "democracy" all become "demokrazu" or "demokrazi" if plural. As a result we decided to give every non-gender singular term a "u" ending, especially after realising that various European languages use different gender for the same term. Esperanto has a similar approach by applying "o", e.g. "la lando". In Eulingu, "la lando" would not work as it would represent a conflict of gender ("a" vs "o"), so we basically settle with "lu landu". 

But now the question arises if we actually need to apply this final "u" to "land" as it creates a new two syllable word [lan'du:] out of the original one syllable [land]. While it makes sense to add "u" in "demokrazu" we could simply do without the "u" in "landu". 

So, while being strict when "teaching" Eulingu and including "u" in "landu", we are and should also be able to express flexibility in our day-2-day communication and simply throw a "d'kel land estut?" ("which country are you from?") into our conversation.

2) Consonants: 

I only want to higlight one consonant here, the "z". It was introduced to reflect both sound and spelling in natural languages and to serve - in a way - as a "joker". Let's go back to our previous example of "Demokratie", "démocratie", "democracia", "democrazia" i/o "democracy" and our adaption "demokrazu" y/o "demokrazi".

"There is a problem with the 'c'", says Harry, "and we need to fix it".

The letter "c" basically represents two (even more) sounds: [s], [ts] i/o [k]. Furthermore, especially in Romanic languages the [k] sound changes to some kind of [tsh] before "e" or "i". Also, if you look at "celtic"...is it pronounced [seltik] or [keltik]? So, as a result in Eulingu we either have "z" or "k" to reflect "c": "zentru" y/o "kult".

And how do we pronounce "zentru"? Well, I would go for [tsen'tru] but I guess if you have an English background you might prefer [zen'tru] or [sen'tru] if you are from a Nordic country, I can even hear speakers mumbling [shen'tru]. At the end of the day it does not matter which [s] sound we use or prefer...we will still understand each other. So, why not replace "z" with "s" altogether, as the Nordics do e.g. in "Polis"? Maybe we do some time in the future (after our 1st or 2nd "Eulingu Language Conference" in 2021) but at the moment it is basically to preserve "etymologu".

Have a great day! :-)

© 2012 Amiki d'Eulingu